Internet of Things

Integrating Zero Trust Strategies to Secure IoT Infrastructures

In our increasingly connected world, the explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed business operations, boosting efficiency, sparking innovation, and enhancing connectivity. Yet, this rapid IoT adoption has also opened the door to serious security threats. A stark reminder of these dangers is the recent high-profile breach at a major healthcare provider. Hackers exploited unprotected IoT medical devices, exposing sensitive patient information and causing extensive disruption. This incident highlights the critical need for strong IoT security measures in today’s digital landscape.

As IoT adoption skyrockets, so do the associated risks. According to a recent report by Gartner, the number of IoT devices is expected to reach 25 billion by 2025, with businesses accounting for over half of these deployments. Yet, a staggering 70% of these devices remain susceptible to security breaches, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals.

Amidst growing concerns over IoT vulnerabilities, the Zero Trust Security Model has emerged as a critical framework for protecting these devices. Unlike traditional security models that rely on perimeter defenses, Zero Trust operates on the principle that threats can originate from anywhere, both inside and outside the network. This model mandates continuous verification of all devices and users, strictly limiting access to only what is necessary.

What is Zero Trust?

Within the domain of cybersecurity, a paradigm shift is underway. The traditional model of pre-defined trust within network perimeters is giving way to a more rigorous approach— Zero Trust security. This framework operates under the assumption that trust is not a given, but rather a privilege that must be continuously earned and validated. Every user, device, and application attempting to access a resource undergoes stringent authentication before being granted entry.

Zero Trust security rests upon three core principles that form the foundation of a robust security posture:

  • Verify Explicitly: Gone are the days of implicit trust. Zero Trust demands rigorous authentication for every access attempt. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and robust identity and access management (IAM) protocols become essential tools to ensure the legitimacy of users and devices.
  • Least Privilege Access: Zero Trust rejects the notion of blanket access privileges. Instead, it dictates a granular approach, providing only the minimum level of access necessary to perform a specific task. This principle of least privilege significantly reduces the potential damage if a security breach occurs, limiting the attacker’s ability to move laterally within the network.
  • Assume Breach: The core philosophy of Zero Trust acknowledges the ever-present threat of cyberattacks. By adopting a security posture that assumes a hostile environment, organizations can proactively minimize the impact of breaches by limiting the attacker’s access and ability to exploit compromised devices.

Why Zero Trust for IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a unique set of security challenges. These devices are often:

  • Resource-Constrained: Limited processing power and memory can make the implementation of robust security protocols impractical for some IoT devices.
  • Heterogeneous: The ever-expanding spectrum of IoT devices encompasses a vast array of manufacturers and operating systems, leading to inconsistencies in security implementation across the landscape.
  • Data-Centric: Many IoT devices constantly collect and transmit sensitive data, making them prime targets for attackers seeking a foothold within a network.

Traditional security models, designed for a more static network environment, are ill-equipped to handle the dynamic and resource-constrained nature of IoT devices. Hackers can easily exploit vulnerabilities in a single device to gain access to an entire network. Zero Trust, with its focus on continuous verification and least privilege access, offers a much more robust solution for securing the modern IoT landscape.

Assessing Your IoT Landscape for Zero Trust Implementation

The foundation of any successful security strategy lies in a comprehensive understanding of the environment you aim to protect. In the context of Zero Trust security for IoT, this principle translates to a thorough assessment of your existing IoT ecosystem.

1. Inventorying Your IoT Devices:

The first step in securing your IoT landscape is to gain a clear picture of its composition. This involves creating a comprehensive inventory of all connected devices. This can be achieved through a multi-pronged approach:

  • Automated Network Discovery Tools: Leverage network scanning tools to identify active devices and extract information such as IP addresses, operating systems, and device types.
  • Manual Device Identification: Conduct a physical audit of your environment to identify any devices not detected by automated tools. This includes smart devices embedded within appliances, building automation systems, and industrial control equipment.
  • Documentation Review: Consult purchasing records, user manuals, and maintenance logs to identify the intended purpose and functionality of each device.

2. Importance of Device Knowledge:

Understanding the specific types, purposes, and inherent vulnerabilities of your IoT devices is crucial for implementing Zero Trust effectively. Devices with critical functions or access to sensitive data require more rigorous security protocols. Furthermore, knowledge of known vulnerabilities allows you to prioritize mitigation efforts and ensure timely patching of security gaps.

3. Mapping Your Data Flows:

Data, the lifeblood of the IoT, presents both opportunities and challenges. Effectively mapping data flows within your IoT ecosystem is critical for understanding the potential impact of a security breach. This involves identifying:

  • Data Sources: Where does the data originate from within your network? This includes sensors, controllers, and other IoT devices.
  • Data Paths: How does data move through your network? This involves identifying data streams between devices, databases, and applications.
  • Data Destinations: Where is the data ultimately stored or transmitted? These destinations may include cloud platforms, data analytics systems, or external applications.

4. Visualizing Data Flows:

To effectively communicate and analyze data flows, consider employing visualization tools such as network diagrams or data flow maps. These visual representations can highlight critical data paths and sensitive information, allowing you to pinpoint areas requiring more stringent security measures within your Zero Trust framework.

Implementing Segmentation and Access Control Strategies within a Zero Trust Framework

Having meticulously assessed your IoT landscape, it’s time to translate your understanding into action. This section explores two key strategies for securing your network within a Zero Trust architecture: network segmentation and policy enforcement.

1. Micro-Segmentation Explained:

Network segmentation involves dividing your network into smaller, isolated zones. Micro-segmentation takes this concept a step further, creating highly granular segments that isolate individual devices or groups of devices with similar functionalities. This approach offers several key benefits:

  • Reduced Attack Surface: By limiting communication between segments, micro-segmentation minimizes the potential damage caused by a security breach. An attacker compromising a single device can only access resources within its designated segment, hindering lateral movement within the network.
  • Enhanced Visibility: Micro-segmentation allows for more granular monitoring and analysis of network traffic. This enables you to identify suspicious activity within a specific segment more readily, facilitating faster response times to potential threats.
  • Improved Operational Efficiency: Micro-segmentation allows you to tailor security policies to the specific needs of each segment. This can streamline network management and potentially reduce administrative overhead.

2. Implementing Network Segmentation for IoT:

Network segmentation strategies for your IoT environment can leverage various techniques:

  • VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks): Create dedicated VLANs for different categories of IoT devices, such as security cameras, smart sensors, or industrial control systems.
  • DMZs (Demilitarized Zones): Isolate highly sensitive devices within a DMZ, restricting access only to authorized users and applications.

3. Policy Enforcement:

Zero Trust security relies heavily on robust access control policies. These policies define which devices, users, and applications are permitted to access specific resources within your network. Effective policy enforcement hinges on:

  • Firewalls: Firewalls act as guardians at the perimeter of each network segment, enforcing access control policies by allowing or denying traffic based on pre-defined rules.
  • Identity and Access Management (IAM): A centralized IAM system facilitates user authentication, authorization, and access control throughout your network. This ensures that only authorized users and devices can access designated resources.

Securing the Gateways: Implementing Robust Authentication and Authorization within a Zero Trust Environment

Having established network segmentation and access control policies, we now turn our attention to the critical aspects of authentication and authorization within a Zero Trust framework. By employing strong authentication methods and granular role-based access control (RBAC), you can further fortify the security of your IoT devices.

1. Strong Authentication Methods:

Zero Trust demands a move beyond traditional username and password logins, which are susceptible to brute-force attacks and credential theft. Here, we explore robust authentication methods for securing your IoT environment:

  • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users or devices to provide multiple verification factors beyond a simple password. This could include a one-time code generated by an authenticator app, a fingerprint scan, or facial recognition.
  • Device Authentication Techniques: For securing IoT devices themselves, consider implementing certificate-based authentication or pre-shared keys. These methods leverage cryptographic techniques to verify the identity of a device before granting access to the network. Biometric authentication, though less common in IoT currently, may be an option for specific high-security devices.

2. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):

Within a Zero Trust framework, the principle of least privilege dictates that users and devices should only be granted the minimum level of access necessary to perform their designated tasks. RBAC provides a robust method for achieving this objective. Here’s how it works:

  • Defining User and Device Roles: Classify users and devices based on their functionalities within your IoT ecosystem. For example, a building automation system may have a separate role for temperature sensors compared to security cameras.
  • Assigning Permissions: Associate specific permissions with each role. This defines the resources and actions authorized for each user or device within their designated role.
  • Enforcing Granular Access: By linking RBAC with your access control policies, you can ensure that only authorized users and devices can access specific resources within your network segments. This minimizes the potential damage caused by a security breach.

Vigilance is Key: Continuous Monitoring and Threat Detection for a Secure IoT Landscape

A secure IoT environment within a Zero Trust framework is not a static achievement, but rather an ongoing process that demands continuous monitoring and threat detection. This final section explores the importance of real-time monitoring tools and the power of behavioral analytics in safeguarding your connected devices.

1. Real-Time Monitoring Tools:

Maintaining complete visibility into your IoT environment is paramount for proactive threat detection. Several real-time monitoring tools can provide valuable insights:

  • IoT Device Management Platforms: These platforms offer centralized dashboards that display device status, resource usage, and network activity in real-time.
  • Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Systems: SIEM systems aggregate data from various sources across your network, including IoT devices, to identify potential security incidents.
  • Network Traffic Analysis (NTA) Tools: NTA tools provide detailed insights into network traffic patterns, enabling you to detect unusual activity that may indicate a security breach.

By leveraging these tools, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of your IoT device activity and network traffic, allowing you to identify and address potential security issues promptly.

2. Behavioral Analytics:

In the ever-evolving realm of cyber threats, traditional signature-based security solutions may not be sufficient. Behavioral analytics leverages machine learning algorithms to analyze device behavior and identify anomalies that deviate from established baselines. Here’s a breakdown of its key aspects:

  • Establishing Baselines: Through continuous monitoring, you can establish normal behavior patterns for each device within your IoT ecosystem. This includes data transmission patterns, resource utilization, and connection attempts.
  • Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection: Machine learning algorithms are trained on the established baselines. They continuously monitor device activity and flag any deviations as potential threats. This allows you to identify sophisticated attacks that may bypass traditional signature-based detection methods.

Securing the Endpoints: Comprehensive Defense Strategies for Your IoT Devices

Having established a robust foundation with network segmentation, access control, and continuous monitoring, we now focus on fortifying the individual devices themselves – the endpoints – within your Zero Trust framework. Here, we explore endpoint security practices and encryption techniques to further bolster your defenses.

1. Protecting IoT Devices:

While traditional endpoint security solutions may not be readily adaptable to all resource constrained IoT devices, there are effective strategies you can employ:

  • Endpoint Protection Platforms (EPPs) for Supported Devices: For compatible IoT devices, consider deploying lightweight endpoint protection platforms. These EPPs offer features like:
    • Malware Detection and Prevention: Identify and block malicious software attempting to infiltrate your devices.
    • Application Control: Restrict the execution of unauthorized applications that may pose security risks.
    • Device Integrity Monitoring: Detect unauthorized modifications to device configurations.

2. Regular Firmware Updates and Automated Patching:

Software vulnerabilities are a constant threat. Maintaining the latest firmware updates and security patches on your IoT devices is crucial for mitigating these risks. Here’s how to achieve this:

  • Establish a Patching Schedule: Develop a comprehensive patching schedule that prioritizes critical updates for high-risk devices.
  • Automate Patching Whenever Possible: Leverage automation tools to streamline the patching process, ensuring timely updates across your entire IoT ecosystem.
  • Maintain a Patch Management Repository: Establish a secure repository to store and distribute firmware updates efficiently.

3. Encryption Practices:

Encryption plays a vital role in safeguarding sensitive data within your IoT environment. Here are key considerations:

  • Encrypt Data in Transit and at Rest: Data should be encrypted both while traveling across the network (in transit) and when stored on devices (at rest). This renders it unreadable even if intercepted by malicious actors.
  • Choosing Encryption Protocols and Techniques: The specific encryption protocols and techniques you employ will depend on the capabilities of your devices and the sensitivity of the data. Common choices include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and TLS (Transport Layer Security).

The Enduring Relevance of Zero Trust in a Maturing IoT Threat Landscape

The Internet of Things (IoT) landscape is undergoing a period of exponential growth. Statista projects a staggering 30 billion connected devices by 2025, signifying a vast and ever-expanding attack surface for malicious actors. Cybersecurity threats are morphing into increasingly sophisticated forms, targeting vulnerabilities in both devices and communication protocols. In this dynamic environment, Zero Trust security solidifies its position as the cornerstone of a robust IoT defense strategy.

Conclusion

The ever-expanding realm of the Internet of Things presents both opportunities and challenges. While these interconnected devices enhance our lives in countless ways, they also introduce new attack vectors for malicious actors. Traditional security models, designed for a more static network environment, are no longer sufficient to safeguard these resource-constrained and data-rich devices. By implementing a layered approach that encompasses network segmentation, robust access control, continuous monitoring, endpoint security, and a well-defined incident response plan, you can significantly strengthen your defenses against ever-evolving cyber threats.

The Call to Action: Take Control of Your IoT Security

Don’t wait until a breach occurs to assess your IoT security posture. Contact Ampcus today for a consultation and take the first step towards securing your connected future with a Zero Trust approach. Ampcus team of security experts can help you develop a customized Zero Trust strategy that safeguards your IoT devices and minimizes the impact of potential threats.

How IoT has Boosted Big Data in Recent Years

 

What is Big Data?

Big data refers to the enormous amount of data that engulfs business operations on daily basis. The amount of data isn’t important, but how enterprises manage these large volumes of data matters. Big Data is gathered, organized, and then analyzed for insights, thereby helping organizations make better business decisions.

Before going through this post on big data and Internet of Things in detail, let’s have a quick and interesting questionnaire session. Go through every statement mentioned below and determine if the statement is referring to big data or the IoT –

  1. Every minute, 204 million emails are generated followed by 1.8 million Facebook likes, 2,78000 tweets, and uploading of 2,00000 photos to Facebook. Answer – Big Data
  2. In 2011, 12 million RFID tags which were used to capture data and track shipping. It is predicted that by 2021, this number will increase to whopping 209 billion. Answer – Internet of Things
  3. By 2020, the number of devices that connect to the Internet will rise from 13 billion to whopping 50 billion. Answer – Internet of Things
  4. The value of the global IT industry in 2013 was $10.2 billion and by the end of 2017, it grew up to $54.3 billion. Answer – Big data

The above Q&A brings us to the point of this post: Big Data and the Internet of Things – Two sides of the same coin. So, are these both related? Let’s get into this in detail.

Big Data comes with enormous potentiality and below are its top advantages –

  • It saves a considerable amount of time
  • It is fabulously cost effective
  • It renders short product cycles
  • It enables vigorous new product development

What is an Internet of Things?

what is iot

The concept behind the Internet of Things is to mainly connect any kind of electrical device with an on and off switch that gives access to the Internet. These devices could be anything including cell phones, earphones, bracelets, coffee makers, washing machines, lamps and also components of machines such as a jet engine of an airplane or even the drill of an oil rig. IoT is now booming and in future, it’s going to be a household name. Business processes are now carried out more efficiently through connected devices and network sensors.

Big Data and Internet of Things

Ever since big data has been used in the Internet of Things, many enterprises are now finding it easy and important in implementing IoT in their business processes. It is only because of the Big Data that the Internet of Things is used at such ease. Big analytics performs is at its full potential when it is used for IoT.

How IoT and Big Data boost each other?

iot big data

These days, the advanced devices connect with each other through embedded sensors. The intelligent devices use data to broadcast, assemble, analyze and forecast accordingly, thus leading enterprises to make strategic business decisions. Because of the IoT network, all the business devices can have their own IP address. And when millions of devices dealing with mammoth-sized data are involved, security becomes a challenge.

In such cases, it becomes necessary for Big Data to empower IoT in a positive way. In order to make IoT and Big Data two sides of the same coin, they need to work in empowering each other. Enterprises like Ampcus, who implement data analysis and processing in their Internet of Things, have already renovated their data storage facilities in a broad manner. Such companies have opted for cloud storage solutions to manage the abundant load of heterogeneous data. This has further persuaded them to invest in cloud-based solutions such as Platform-as-a-Service model.

IoT devices use connectivity options such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth and well-defined protocols like Message Queue Telemetry Transport to transmit messages. Most of the organizations, such as Ampcus, have also started integrating the best technology platforms to manage the influx of heavily loaded data. A perfect example is given by Ampcus in using various technology platforms such as –

  • Hadoop solutions
  • IBM SmartCloud
  • Cognos
  • Business Objects
  • Tableau
  • Informatica
  • Qlik

Big Data and IoT work together to handle Security

iot big data security

When heavily loaded data is used, security becomes a major concern. Enterprises should integrate advanced security measures so that IoT and Big data can actually boost each other, and the end user is ultimately benefitted. Since its integration into IoT is fairly new, the ally becomes vulnerable to breaching of data along with the IoT devices. Companies should ensure making significant changes to their security infrastructure to protect the influx of huge data and the growing number of IoT devices. Network segmentation and advanced security systems should be installed in IoT devices to prevent cyber-attacks.

The final verdict

Both IoT and Big Data are not just two sides of the same coin, but they empower each other. There is no IoT without Big Data, and Big Data can only make use of its potentiality when it is integrated into IoT. Want to know how IoT and Big Data can dramatically transform your business? We are here to help!

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How Growth of Internet of Things is Changing Data Management

 

From past few years, a revolution in the field of connectivity has been booming around us, especially in the Internet of Things. Data management has been in practice for two decades now. It had remained relatively dormant ever since its inception until the dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT). The face of the industry is now vigorously changing with almost every business getting transpired by the IoT.

While in the 90’s, the Internet was able to connect around 1 billion users through those precarious dial-up networks, with the onset of mobile phones in the 2000s, around 2 billion users got connected with several other advantages.

big data iot management
Image source: www.zdnet.com

At present, the wave of the Internet of Things has managed to connect whopping 28 billion devices, which is 10 times higher than earlier connectivity phases. By 2020, one can access the Internet from anywhere and can transform any medium right from cars to bracelets into connective devices. With 2.5 billion smartphone users presently, and predicting 5 billion users by 2019, we’re looking towards an outpour of new data in the next few years.

This vigorous growth of IoT is changing data management significantly. As industry experts attempt to curb in big data management, they’re using a blend of workflow strategies, AI and IoT platforms and different hardware configurations.

Assembling & Integrating Big Data

big data concept

Big data isn’t that easy to be processed and organized, it is, in fact, a strenuous task that to be carried out. Unlike uniform data sets that are easily explained and infused into spreadsheets, big data drag information from unlimited sources. The big data use quite complex methods of data collection including automated reports, sensors, and trend analysis to name a few. And with such a vast source of information streaming in from different avenues, the big data professionals are forced to invest in more time.

Taking into consideration this enormous amount of data storage, organizations have begun to move towards the Internet of Things-enabled Platform-as-a-Service model and avail a cloud-based solution from IoT experts such as Ampcus, as opposed to managing their age-old data storage framework. Unlike, in-house workflow systems which demand updation at regular intervals because of the overloading of the data, Ampcus provides an end-to-end big data solution that includes scalability, compliance, and a tailor-made framework rendering space for all valuable IoT data.

Choosing the right infrastructure for IoT data

iot infrastructure

Today various data storage architectures are available to manage mammoth-sized data. While some enterprises use New Technology File System, there are still some companies who follow the traditional methods such as the File Allocation Table architecture. Even after using the traditional and modern technologies alike, the enterprises have failed to maintain their own compound servers and hardware at times. This is the situation where the Internet of Things come into play. They are efficient enough in capturing and manage those servers along-with the mammoth-sized data in real-time. They also create intuitive data models and automate decision-making jobs.

They are efficient enough in capturing and manage those servers along-with the mammoth-sized data in real-time. They also create intuitive data models and automate decision-making jobs. These advanced Internet-of-Things-enabled file frameworks and OS witness a paradigm shift in the way techies approach the field of data management.

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The Internet of Things Gold Rush is Officially Here


Internet of Things Market Forecast

As per the Internet of things market forecast by one of the most influential researchers in the world Forrester, the IoT is soon going to become the backbone of future customer value. Forrester also predicts that there will be a complete paradigm shift for networking, pushing the IoT infrastructure to the leading edge. Software developers will have a significant impact on specialized platforms, whilst keeping security as a key concern.

“Despite continued security problems, the IoT will spread and people will become increasingly dependent on it. The cost of breaches will be viewed like the toll taken by car crashes, which have not persuaded very many people not to drive.” ~ Richard Adler

The swift advancement in the IoT solutions, interoperability and its concurrence with Artificial Intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies will make 2018 a pivotal one for IoT. The Internet of Things services have started to put their influence on the mainstream across all industries. If reports are to be believed, IoT investment is set to increase by 15% and will reach $772.5 billion by the end of 2018. And the gold rush is officially here! The endless prospects and ingrained applications surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT) have led the IDC to research and predict that it is growing rapidly. With a CAGR of 20.7%, IoT in the future will become a $1.46 trillion market by 2020 thus suggesting almost every company wanting a slice of it.

internet-of-things

Source: Wikipedia.org

The endless prospects in Internet of Things Services

The endless prospects and probable applications proclaiming the Internet of Things services have been well spaced out over the recent years. The internet of things future trends is at a turn over the phase in terms of acceptance as we are already one month into 2018. This year experts believe will witness further growth in the “things” i.e. increase in integration of a number of connected devices and enterprise IoT projects.

IoT projects are soon going to take a huge leap – from automating business processes to the converging industries by establishing all-inclusive new business models and revenue streams. This will be due in part to the concurrent rise of synergistic technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and fog computing, as well as an industry-wide move towards greater interoperability, standards, and collaboration.

IoT future applications enable the everyday devices to connect and transfer data to each other. The Internet of Things future scope is already making its place in the consumer world, with devices like smart home alarm systems, temperature regulators, lighting devices and energy monitors to name a few. The recent survey on the future development of IoT shows that around 29% of enterprises have already integrated Internet of Things solutions, and this is expected to rise up to 48% by the onset of 2019, as startups are being intermittently acquired following the benefits of IoT.

The speculations regarding IoT Gold Rush

Having said all that the most concerning question that has been haunting more or less the enterprises in the digital industry is if companies should fetch the IoT gold rush or consider security standardization before availing it.

With the IoT wave sweeping crash project ahead, customers are now speculating about the enormous security risks involved with the IoT solution and services. They suspect that the inflow of over and above components into any company’s network might lack security measures for IoT devices, thereby indicating there is a loophole in the perimeter of any home or business that has installed IoT devices.

However, such apprehensions haven’t stopped the marketers to keep looking for innovative ways of interacting with customers. They are constantly trying to build user-friendly brand experience by adding smart IoT solutions, for instance integrating new interfaces into smart home speakers or smartwatches. Internet of Things had enabled an enormous increase in sales of more than 12.8 million units of smartwatches in the US alone in 2017. As per Forrester’s IoT market forecast, wearable usage is going to remain a niche in the years to come.

iot

Source: rbccps.org

The Iot Gold Rush is finally here

Irrespective of all sorts of speculations, the IoT devices forecast suggests that companies soon will be taking an all-inclusive approach towards IoT solution development services. In 2018, IoT will continue to advance the “eco-economy” i.e. both the multinationals and the startups will join hands to co-innovate and co-develop IoT solutions. A new ecosystem of partners will emerge to undertake large-scale IoT projects.

And there will be a global scale, breakneck move to open security standards, open planning, interoperability, and regulations. This will lead enterprises to experience IoT’s full potential, enabling their businesses from steady to monumental improvements. Right from the merging of the Internet of Things with Artificial Intelligence, to stronger IoT security and enhanced interoperability, the gold rush of IoT is finally here! Click here to know more.

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